Abstract Introduction: Primary graft dysfunction is a major cause of mortality after heart transplantation. Objective: To evaluate correlations between donor-related clinical/biochemical markers and the occurrence of primary graft dysfunction/clinical outcomes of recipients within 30 days of transplant. Methods: The prospective study involved 43 donor/recipient pairs. Data collected from donors included demographic and echocardiographic information, noradrenaline administration rates and concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2), interleukins (IL-6 and IL-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, C-reactive protein and cardiac troponin I. Data collected from recipients included operating, cardiopulmonary bypass, intensive care unit and hospitalization times, inotrope administration and left/right ventricular function through echocardiography. Results: Recipients who developed moderate/severe left ventricular dysfunction had received organs from significantly older donors (P =0.020). Recipients from donors who required moderate/high doses of noradrenaline (>0.23 µg/kg/min) around harvesting time exhibited lower post-transplant ventricular ejection fractions (P =0.002) and required longer CPB times (P =0.039). Significantly higher concentrations of sTNFR1 (P =0.014) and sTNFR2 (P =0.030) in donors were associated with reduced intensive care unit times (≤5 days) in recipients, while higher donor IL-6 (P =0.029) and IL-10 (P =0.037) levels were correlated with reduced hospitalization times (≤25 days) in recipients. Recipients who required moderate/high levels of noradrenaline for weaning off cardiopulmonary bypass were associated with lower donor concentrations of sTNFR2 (P =0.028) and IL-6 (P =0.001). Conclusion: High levels of sTNFR1, sTNFR2, IL-6 and IL-10 in donors were associated with enhanced evolution in recipients. Allografts from older donors, or from those treated with noradrenaline doses >0.23 µg/kg/min, were more frequently affected by primary graft dysfunction within 30 days of surgery.

OBJETIVO: Identificar parâmetros clínicos e ecocardiográficos para a indicação do tratamento cirúrgico precoce da persistência do ducto arterial. MÉTODOS: Esse estudo prospectivo foi conduzido na Unidade Neonatal do Hospital Municipal Odilon Behrens entre 2006 e 2010. A população estudada compreendeu 115 neonatos prematuros diagnosticados com persistência do ducto arterial na primeira semana após o nascimento, dos quais 55 (grupo S) foram submetidos ao tratamento clínico e ou cirúrgico e 60 (grupo NS) ao tratamento clínico. Os parâmetros analisados foram peso ao nascer, diâmetro do ducto arterial (DAD), relação diâmetro do átrio esquerdo pelo diãmetro da aorta (AE/Ao), índice DAD2/peso ao nascer e fluxo no ducto. RESULTADOS: O estudo abrangeu 58 pacientes do sexo masculino e 57 do feminino. O peso médio ao nascer do grupo S (924 ± 224,3 g) foi significativamente (P=0,049) menor do que do grupo NS (1012,3 ± 242,8 g). A probabilidade dos neonatos prematuros serem submetidos à cirurgia foi 62.1% (P=0,006) quando o índice DAD2/peso ao nascer era > 5 mm2/kg, 72,2% (P=0,001) quando a razão LA:Ao era > 1,5 e 61,2% (P=0,025) quando o fluxo no ducto era alto. CONCLUSÃO: Os parâmetros DAD²/peso ao nascer > 5 mm²/kg, razão LA:Ao > 1,5 e alto fluxo no ducto foram preditores estatisticamente significativos (P<0,05) da necessidade de fechamento cirúrgico do persistência do ducto arterial em neonatos prematuros com baixo peso ao nascer. Adicionalmente, quando a razão LA:Ao > 1,5 estava associada ao choque, a probabilidade de tratamento cirúrgico aumentou para 78,4%.

OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical and echocardiographic indicators of the necessity for early surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates. METHODS: The prospective study was conducted at the Neonatal Unit of Hospital Municipal Odilon Behrens between 2006 and 2010. The study population comprised 115 preterm neonates diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus in the first week after birth, of whom 55 (group S) were submitted to clinical and or surgical closure and 60 (group NS) received non-surgical treatment. The parameters analyzed were birth weight, diameter of the ductus arteriosus (DAD), left atrial-to-aortic root diameter ratio (LA:Ao), the quotient of DAD² and birth weight (mm²/kg), and ductal shunting. RESULTS: The study population comprised 58 males and 57 females. The average birth weight of group S (924 ± 224.3 g) was significantly (P=0.049) lower than that of group NS (1012.3 ± 242.8 g). The probability of the preterm neonates being submitted to surgical closure was 62.1% (P=0.006) when the DAD2/birth weight index was > 5 mm²/kg, 72.2% (P=0.001) when the LA:Ao ratio was > 1.5, and 61.2% when ductal shunting was high (P=0.025). CONCLUSION: The parameters DAD²/birth weight index > 5 mm²/kg, LA:Ao ratio > 1.5 and high ductal shunting were statistically significant indicators (P<0.05) of the need for surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in low birth weight preterm neonates. Moreover, when an LA:Ao ratio > 1.5 was associated with the occurrence of shock, the probability of surgical closure increased to 78.4%.

Cistos pericárdicos são raros, comumente congênitos, com localização mais frequente no ângulo cardiofrênico direito. O diagnóstico é suspeitado pela radiografia de tórax anormal. O presente relato descreve um caso de cisto pericárdico com aspecto radiográfico atípico, em um paciente atleta, manifestando-se clinicamente com sintomas de insuficiência ventricular direita. O diagnóstico foi sugerido pelo ecocardiograma transesofágico e confirmado pelo estudo anatomopatológico.

Pericardial cysts are rare, usually congenital. Cysts frequently occur in the right cardiophrenic angle and their diagnosis is usually suspected after an abnormal chest X ray. The present case report shows a case of pericardial cyst with atypical radiographic aspect in an athletic patient who presented clinical with symptoms of right ventricular failure. The diagnosis was suggested by echocardiogram and subsequently was confirmed by pathologic examination.

INTRODUÇÃO: O paciente com insuficiência cardíaca desenvolve aumento da pressão pulmonar por mecanismo retrógrado e a hipertensão arterial pulmonar (HP) é um marcador de mau prognóstico. OBJETIVO: Correlacionar pressão pulmonar ao ecogardiograma (eco) e ao cateterismo, em pacientes em lista de espera para transplante cardíaco (TC), especialmente nos chagásicos. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos 90 pacientes no HC-UFMG entre 2004 e 2009. Todos realizaram cateterismo e eco no pré-transplante. A idade média foi de 45,5 anos, sendo 68(75,6%) homens, 42(46,7%) chagásicos, 32(35,6%) portadores de miocardiopatia dilatada e 10(11,1%) isquêmicos. RESULTADOS: A eco-PSAP (pressão sistólica arterial pulmonar) média foi de 45 ± 12mmHg. A cat-PSAP média foi de 47 ± 14mmHg. A eco-PSAP-chagásicos foi 41,7 ±12,5 mmHg e não-chagásicos, 47,6 ±12,8 mmHg P=0,04. A cat-PSAP-chagásicos foi de 46 ±12,1 mmHg e não-chagásicos 48,7±12,8mmHg; P=0,43. Oito pacientes apresentavam cat-PSAP>60. A correlação entre a eco-PSAP e o cat-PSAP nos chagásicos foi r=0,45, P=0,008 e nos não-chagásicos de r=0,66, P<0,001. A eco-PSAP-chagásico >32,5mmHg tem uma sensibilidade de 79% e especificidade de 75% para diagnosticar HP, com área sob a curva ROC de 0,819. A eco-PSAP-não chagásico>35,5 mmHg tem sensibilidade de 82% e especificidade de 70% para HP, com área sob a curva ROC de 0,776. CONCLUSÕES: Há boa correlação entre a eco-PSAP e a cat-PSAP (r=0,54) entre os pacientes em fila de espera. A eco-PSAP foi menor no grupo dos chagásicos. O ecocardiograma é um método útil para diagnosticar e monitorar a pressão pulmonar previamente ao TC, especialmente em pacientes chagásicos. Entretanto, não é possível prescindirmos do cateterismo para avaliar a reatividade pulmonar com o teste com vasodilatador e indicar com segurança o TC mesmo nos pacientes chagásicos.

INTRODUCTION: The patients suffering heart failure develop an increase in pulmonary pressure because of a retrograde mechanism. The pulmonary hypertension is a prognostic marker. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to correlate pulmonary hypertension measured by echocardiogram versus catheterization in pre-heart transplant patients on waiting list. METHODS: Data from 90 patients of the Clinical Hospital UFMG were collected between 2004 and 2009. All the patients took an echo and catheterization as an integral part of pre-heart transplant. Mean age was 45.5 years old, 68 (75.6%) male. Fourty-two (46.7%) were Chagas' disease patients, 32 (35.6%) presented idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, 10 (11.1%) had ischemic cardyomiopathy. RESULTS: The mean eco-PASP was 45 ± 12mmHg). The mean cat-PASP was 47 ±14mmHg. The eco-PASP-Chagas was 41.7 ±12,5 mmHg and non-Chagas 47.6 ±12.8 mmHg P=0.04. The cat-PASP-Chagas was 46 ±12.1 mmHg and non-Chagas 48.7 ±12.8 mmHg P=0.43. Eight patients had cat-PASP>60. The correlation between eco-PASP and cat-PASP in Chagas' patients was r=0.45; P=0.008 and in the non-Chagas was r=0.66; P<0.001. The eco-PASP-Chagas>32,5mmHg has a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 75% to diagnose PH, with an area under the curve of 0.819. The eco-PASP-non-Chagas>35.5 mmHg has a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 70% to diagnose PH, with an area under the curve of 0.776. CONCLUSIONS: There is a good correlation between eco-PASP and cat-PASP (r=0.54) in pre-heart transplant patients. The eco-PASP was lower in the Chagas' group. The echocardiogram is an important method to diagnosis and control pulmonary pressure in pre-heart transplant, specifically in Chagas' patients. The catheterization is still important to evaluate pulmonary reactivity during vasodilation test.

A incidência de anormalidades coronarianas na arterite de Takayasu é relativamente baixa. Desde que as lesões variam em cada paciente, os tratamentos percutâneo e cirúrgico requerem planejamento cuidadoso do momento operatório, técnica, uso de materiais e medicação pós-operatória. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 24 anos, avaliada pela equipe de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular com quadro clínico de angina estável, sinais e sintomas sugestivos de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva. Propedêutica realizada revelava lesão grave (> 50%) no tronco de coronária esquerda, sendo indicada, a princípio, angioplastia coronariana com implante de stent. Após 3 meses, realizou-se cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica em razão de reestenose. A isquemia miocárdica é uma causa importante de óbito e deve ser prontamente tratada. A abordagem percutânea pode ser a primeira escolha ou servir como ponte para a cirurgia.

The incidence of coronary abnormalities is relatively low in patients with Takayasu’s arteritis. Since the lesions vary in each patient, invasive treatment modalities, whether percutaneous or surgical, demand a careful pre-operative planning for the timing, technical approach, materials used as well as post-operative medication. We report a case of a 24-years-old woman that was subjected to clinical evaluation in the Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Group because of heart failure and chest pain. She was diagnosed with stenosis of the left main coronary artery that required stent implantation. After 3 months of this procedure, she had re-stenosis and a decision for a successful myocardial revascularization was made. Coronary ischemia is a major cause of death that implies immediate treatment. The percutaneous approach can be either the first option or a bridge to surgery.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a função ventricular diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) pelo ecocardiograma (ECO) uma e três semanas pós-infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). MÉTODO: Utilizaram-se 19 ratas Wistar com peso médio de 209 gramas. Os animais foram distribuídos em: grupo A, controle (n=7) submetido a ECO e não infartado; grupo B, infartado (n=9), submetido a ECO após uma semana (grupo B1, n=9) e 3 semanas (grupo B3, n=8) do IAM. Três animais morreram no transoperatório e um após o primeiro ECO. Realizou-se anestesia com cetamina (50mg/kg/peso) e xilazina (10mg/kg/peso) intraperitoneal, intubação e ventilação. O IAM foi induzido por ligadura da artéria descendente anterior após toracotomia esquerda. Avaliou-se a função cardíaca por ECO modelo 21275A HP Sonos 1500 com transdutor de 7,5/5,5 MHz e a função diastólica pelo Doppler transmitral com avaliação das ondas A e E, e volume atrial esquerdo (VAE). O IAM foi confirmado por análise histopatológica na terceira semana. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa na velocidade das ondas E (A=62cm/s, B1=65cm/s, B3=69cm/s) e onda A (A=43cm/s, B1=40cm/s, B3=41cm/s) entre os grupos. Observou-se aumento significativo no VAE grupo A vs B1 e grupo A vs B3 (A=0,05mL vs B1=0,15mL, p=0,04 e A vs B3=0,14mL, p=0,01). Todos os animais apresentaram IAM na terceira semana. CONCLUSÕES: VAE parece ser útil para definição da disfunção diastólica do VE pós-IAM. O VAE pode refletir aumento da pressão diastólica final do VE, secundário à disfunção sistólica e/ou diastólica

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diastolic left ventricular function by echocardiography one and three weeks after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHOD: Nineteen Wistar rats (mean 209 g) were utilized. After anesthesia with ketamine (50mg/kg) and xylazine (10mg/kg), the left coronary artery was ligated after left thoracotomy to cause myocardial infarction. The animals were divided in two groups: group A (control, n=7) and group B (n=9). Echocardiographic evaluation was undertaken in the control group and one week (B1, n=9) and three weeks (B3, n=8) post-AMI in group B animals. The cardiac function was evaluated using a 21275 A HP Sonos 1500 Echocardiography equipped with 7.5/5.5 MHz transducer. Diastolic function was evaluated by transmitral flow, by analysis of the A wave, E wave and atrial left volume (LAV). Histological specimens were evaluated on third week. RESULTS: There were no differences on E wave analyses (A=62cm/s, B1=65cm/s, B3=69cm/s) or A wave analyses (A=43cm/s, B1=40cm/s, B3=41cm/s) between the groups. There was an increase in LAV; A vs B1 and A vs B3 (A=0.05mL vs B1=0.15mL, p=0.04 e A vs B3=0.14mL, p=0.01). Histological examination confirmed AMI in all animals. CONCLUSIONS: The LAV may be useful to assess the diastolic function in rats with AMI. LAV could reflect increases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure secondary to systolic or diastolic dysfunction.